The most well-known variety of Spanish folk music is likely flamenco, a diverse genre created by Andalusian Roma. Flamenco is known since at least the 1770s, and has been through several cycles of dwindling popularity and rebirth. The style has produced many of the most famous Spanish musicians, including singer Camarón de la Isla and guitarist Carlos Montoya. Outside of flamenco, regional Spanish folk music includes the distinct Basque trikitrixa and accordion music, Galician and Asturian gaita (bagpipe) and Aragonese jota. Though some folk traditions have died out or are moribund, some retain great popularity and have been modernized and adapted to new instruments, styles and formats. These include the popular Celtic music of Galicia, the singer-songwriter tradition of nova canço and New Flamenco.
Around 1,100 BC Phoenician merchants founded the trading colony of Gadir or Gades (modern day Cádiz) near Tartessos. In the 8th century BC the first Greek colonies, such as Emporion (modern Empúries), were founded along the Mediterranean coast on the East, leaving the south coast to the Phoenicians. The Greeks are responsible for the name Iberia, after the river Iber (Ebro in Spanish). In the 6th century BC the Carthaginians arrived in Iberia while struggling with the Greeks for control of the Western Mediterranean. Their most important colony was Carthago Nova (Latin name of modern day Cartagena).
Under the Bonaparte, Spain failed to embrace the mercantile and industrial revolutions of the 18th century, and also failed to absorb the ideals that of the Enlightenment that were revolutionizing European thought. These missed opportunities, combined with the economic failures of the 17th century, caused the country to fall desperately behind Britain, France, and Germany in economic and political power.
Spain is a constitutional monarchy, with a hereditary monarch and a bicameral parliament, the Cortes Generales or National Assembly. The executive branch consists of a Council of Ministers presided over by the President of Government (comparable to a prime minister), proposed by the monarch and elected by the National Assembly following legislative elections.
After World War II, being one of few surviving fascist regimes in Europe, Spain was politically and economically isolated and was kept out of the United Nations until 1955, when it became strategically important for U.S. president Eisenhower to establish a military presence in the Iberian peninsula. This opening to Spain was aided by Franco's rabid anti-communism.
The crown jewel of Spain's next decade of infrastructure construction is the Spanish high speed rail network, Alta Velocidad Española AVE. Currently, an ambitious plan includes the construction of a 7000 km network, centered naturally on Madrid. The overall goal is to have all important provincial cities be no more than 4 hours away from Madrid, and no more than 6 hours away from Barcelona. Currently, AVE high-speed trains link Atocha station to Seville in the south and Lleida in the east (to be extended to Barcelona).
Spain's natural surroundings have helped shape the culture of the nation. The success of the Basques in maintaining a separate culture over a period of millennia has doubtless been aided by the mountainous geography of their region. Several separate parts of Spain have strong maritime traditions, including inland ports on rivers: Seville, for example, was a major port until the Guadalquivir silted up. Since the availalability of mass air transport, Spain's Mediterranean beaches, especially those along the Costa del Sol, have drawn millions of tourists, providing considerable revenue (and enormous contact with the outside world) to a long-depressed and isolated area of the country.
Spain is considered by many, including a large part of Spanish population, to be a group of nations unified under a single State, much like Belgium, Switzerland or the United Kingdom. Despite this, the policy of many Spanish governments has led to a "Spanish nationhood" which is the one people identify with Spain internationally.
The expulsion of the Muslims was reputedly started by the first King of Asturias, named Pelayo (718-737), who started his fight against the Moors in the mountains of Covadonga (722). Later, his sons and descendants continued with his work until all of the Muslims were expelled. Meanwhile, in the east of the peninsula the Frankish emperors established the Marca Hispanica across the Pyrenees in part of what today is Catalonia, reconquering Girona in 785 and Barcelona in 801. It was a buffer zone against Islam.
As the Roman empire declined, the Suebi, Vandals and Alans each took control of part of Hispania. In the 5th century AD the Visigoths, a romanized germanic tribe, conquered all of Hispania and established a relatively stable kingdom lasting until 711, when it fell to an invasion by Islamic North African Moors and became part of the expanding Umayyad empire, under the name of Al-Andalus. When the Umayyad empire gave way to the Abbaside empire, an Umayyad exile established the Caliphate of Cordoba, effectively making Al-Andalus independent from the empire.
A revived movement for the Christian unification of Spain was capitalized on by the "Catholic monarchs" (Reyes Católicos in Spanish) Isabel I of Castilla and Fernando II of Aragón in order to justify their invasion of Granada, the expulsion of the Jews and the forceful conversion of the Moors. In the 15th century, the Kingdoms of Castile and Aragon were united under Isabel and Fernando. These two able rulers ruled jointly and worked to consolidate the power of the monarchy at the expense of the nobility. During their reign, the castles of many nobles (symbols of aristocratic independence from the monarchy) were demolished, and a system of regular taxation was established. Fernando and Isabel established the basis for the unification of Spain religiously as well as politically and economically.
The Castilian-derived Spanish (called both Español and Castellano in the language itself) is the official language throughout Spain, but other regional languages are also spoken. Without mentioning them by name, the Spanish Constitution recognizes the possibility of regional languages being coofficial in their respective autonomous communities.
Spain never entered the period of the Dark Ages such as were endured in Britain, Gaul, Lombardy and Germany. The Visigoths tended to maintain more of the old Roman institutions, and they had a unique respect for legal codes that resulted in continuous frameworks and historical records for most of the period between 415, when Visigothic rule in Spain began, and 711, when it is traditionally said to end. The proximity of the Visigothic kingdoms to the Mediterranean and the continuity of western Mediterranean trade, though in reduced quantity, supported Visigothic culture. Arian Visigothic nobility kept apart from the local Catholic population. The Visigoth ruling class looked to Constantinople for style and technology while the rivals of Visigothic power and culture were the Catholic bishops— and a brief incursion of Byzantine power in Cordoba.
1.
Unbiased Travel Reviews: Hostal Horizonte, Madrid - TripAdvisorHostal Horizonte, Madrid, Spain: This vacation made me want to move to Spain even more. - Visit TripAdvisor for 7 unbiased traveler reviews of Hostal Horizonte.
2.
Spain TipsMany people think about moving to Spain, some when they retire and others that ... 7 Biggest Mistakes People make when Moving and Living in Spain. ...
3.
Spain by Harvey Holtom at Tesco BooksBuy Spain by Harvey Holtom for only £8.44 at Tesco.com. Tesco's has thousands of other books for you to get stuck into, all at great prices
4.
Spain Books on eBay.co.ukeBay.co.uk offers great deals on items related to Spain Books. ... Moving Abroad Spain E-Book Everything You Need To Know, ends Feb-11 10:23 GMT. ...
5.
Moving to Spain, a guide to moving and living in spain, relocate to ...Advance Moves - Based in Spain we are a British run removals and storage company ... If you are moving to Spain with children - check out this useful guide ...
6.
Idealspain.com, the largest internet guide to Spain. Moving to Spain ...Moving to Spain Guide. A-Z of Places in Spain. Relocation Services. Spanish Legal System ... Buying Property in Spain. Golf Properties. Rural Properties ...
7.
Moving to Spain. Advice on Moving to SpainA true insight into living in Spain permanently ... In 'Moving to Spain' you will get a realistic feel ... Order your copy of the book 'Moving to Spain' now > ...
8.
Relocate to Spain - Live living in Spain- Move moving Spain... to Spain - FREE help,info and assist to live in Spain, move Spain, retire or ... MOVING to SPAIN to RETIRE ( all you should need to know ) ...
9.
Moving To SpainProperty in Spain - Useful information if you are planning to move to Spain as your full-time residence. ... Further Information About Spain ...
10.
Moving to Spain - Barclays Buying AbroadThinking of moving to Spain? Barclays Buying Abroad offer a wide range of products and services to help you through the entire buying process.
11.
Moving to Spain removals UK to Costa del sol and TorreviejaUK Removals to Spain Moving Spanish house and home moves door to door service England to Spain removal Costa del sol Malaga Costa Brava Blanca Almeria Fuengirola
12.
Moving to Spain. Superb Deals. Quality Overseas House and Home Moving ...Safe, secure, reliable home removal services from the UK to Spain. ... Car Hire Spain International removals Canada Overseas moving services South ...
13.
Move to Spain S.L. - Property for sale in ValenciaBuy your dream property in Valencia with established estate agents Move To Spain SL. 100s of properties for sale from Valencia city apartments to country houses and ...
14.
Moving to Spain Arrowpak European moving services and Costa Blanca ...Moving to Spain, Arrowpak European moving services can make moving to Europe simple. ... Arrowpak Moving to Spain is a division of Arrowpak International that deals ...
15.
Khalifa Group Moving Activities Out of France to Spain... | Article27-NOV-02 - site on 19 November According to our information, three weeks ago a major delegation from the Khalifa group, led by its CEO, visited... | Free With Signup
16.
Spanish Real Estate Agents Spain Buying Property Information Costa BlancaBuying property law, information on moving to Spain from the UK. ... Specialists in Spain Real Estate ... host of information on Spain throughout the web site ...
17.
Moving to Spain - Spanish Properties and moreSaving money on the cost of removals to Spain ... If you are planning to move permanently to Spain we can help you save money on ...
18.
Moving Abroad . netITV 1 - Do you know any brits living abroad who are thinking of moving home? Spain ... Spain. 12/12/07. All Adverts classifiedZONE v1.1 Copyright 2008 ...
19.
Moving to Spain or living in Spain? Find your property in Spain at ...Moving to Spain or living in Spain? Your property in Spain, Costa Blanca properties ... Before moving to Spain, ask at least 3 companiesto compare prices and ...
20.
Moving 2 Spain - HomeRemovals To Mainland Spain - Freephone 0800 787 9124 / 07891 040125 - Low Cost Service ... Moving 2 Spain is part of Purple Star Logistics an established UK ...
21.
Moving to SpainBased in Hampshire, UK, Over's International has grown through the generations to ... However, if you are looking to move to Spain, how would you go about it? ...
22.
Removals to or from Spain | European removal and relocation to Spain by ...Over's International has grown to become one of the largest and best-known, ... Please contact us if are moving to Spain and want friendly, expert advise and a ...
23.
So SpainWe choose as our partners in Spain only reputable companies who we have ... Currency Exchange. Sales. Professional Services. Moving to Spain. LOADING PLEASE WAIT ...
24.
Moving to Spain - International Moving & relocation services... to aid both families and individuals with moving to the Spain. ... service you need at the price you want for moving to Spain! ... Moving to Spain was ...
25.
Yecla serve expat information and servicesYecla serve, Murcia. Spanish properties. Helping you move to Rural Spain. Local info, online forum, properties, etc. Your local site.
26.
Moving to Spain with Bishop's MoveWherever in Spain you are moving to, whether it's Barcelona, Madrid, Costa ... This is a good time to ask any questions that you may have about moving to spain. ...
27.
Moving crucifixes in modern Spain [WorldCat.org]Spain Religious life and customs. Kruisbeelden. Devotie. Verschijningen. ... Title: Moving crucifixes in modern Spain Author: William A Christian ...
28.
01-OCT-05 | El Corte Ingles to Move Outside SpainPrice: $4.95 | SPAIN/EUROPE: SPANISH DEPARTMENT store chain El Corte Ingles is ... Move Outside Spain. European Cosmetic Markets El Corte Ingles Move Outside ...
29.
Information about moving to SpainGet lots of tips and see what others have to say about the move to Spain ... I'd like to buy a Holiday Home in Spain. I already live in Spain and I'm looking to move ...
30.
Moving to Spain | HiFX plcSpain emigrating with HiFX plc. If you are planning on moving to Spain, HiFX plc can help you to get the best foreign exchange rates possible when you purchase your ...
31.
Buying Property in Spain - BarclaysWe've been in Spain for over 30 years and with over 450 branches and 107 ... Property for sale in Portugal | Dubai property | Moving to Spain | Moving to ...
32.
Homes 4 U in Spain - HomeHomes 4 U in Spain. - Spanish country estate agents ... Country living in Inland Spain ... We are a country estate agency based in inland Spain. ...
33.
About Spain - Live in Spain - Move to Spain - SpainDirect4ULooking to live in Spain. For comprehensive advice about making the move to Spain, contact SpainDirect4U ... reasons why a move to Spain could be great for ...
34.
La Romana Property ServicesEstate agents representing property for sale on the Costa Blanca of Spain. ... to buy with the intention of moving to Spain now or sometime in the future. ...
35.
Moving to Spain :: things to do in spain,Buying property,Moving,Living ...Spain info finder,Your Guide to living in Spain,Buying Property in spain, things to do in spain,Moving to spain,Living,Travel,Fishing
,Golf and nightlife,Visit us ,
36. A checklist for people who want to move to Spain.
Moving to Spain - Checklist. As soon as possible ... Unless you are moving to Spain in April, you should have a tax rebate to collect ...
Moving Spain and Spain online resources.